Cattle Rustling: Interrogating its Evolution from Cultural Practice to Deadly Organized Crime in Taraba State

Abstract

Cattle rustling, historically rooted as a cultural practice among pastoralist communities, has evolved into a deadly organized crime in Taraba State, Nigeria. This transformation poses significant challenges to the socio-economic stability and security of the region. This paper investigates the historical evolution, contemporary dynamics, and socio-economic implications of cattle rustling in Taraba State. It further examines the transition of cattle rustling from a traditional practice to an organized crime, drawing on empirical data to highlight the prevalence and impact of this issue. Employing Routine Activity Theory as the theoretical framework, the study identifies the situational factors that facilitate cattle rustling and suggests comprehensive strategies for mitigation. Key findings indicate a significant increase in cattle rustling incidents, particularly in areas like Sardauna, Bali, and Ardo Kola LGAs. The economic losses resulting from cattle rustling are profound, leading to financial instability and poverty among rural families. Social impacts include increased tensions, mistrust, and potential conflicts within and between communities. Security challenges are exacerbated by the involvement of organized crime syndicates, inadequate law enforcement, and porous borders. The study recommends a multifaceted approach to combat cattle rustling, including strengthening law enforcement, promoting community policing, enhancing economic opportunities, and fostering international collaboration.  Through sustained efforts and collaboration among stakeholders, it is possible to mitigate the effects of cattle rustling, promote sustainable livelihoods, and enhance security in Taraba State. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on rural crime and provides a foundation for policy interventions aimed at addressing cattle rustling and its associated challenges.