Evaluation of the Challenges of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on Water Project in Jalingo Metropolis

Abstract

This study assesses the challenges of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on water projects in Jalingo Metropolis, Nigeria. Water projects are critical for addressing the increasing demand for potable water in urban areas, yet their implementation can result in adverse environmental impacts if not properly managed. EIA serves as a key tool for evaluating the potential environmental consequences of such projects, promoting sustainable development and informed decision-making. However, the effectiveness of the EIA process is often constrained by several factors. The study adopted a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. A structured questionnaire was administered on 246 respondents, including officials from government agencies, environmental experts, and community representatives. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Findings revealed that the quality of baseline data, scope of assessment, level of public participation, and political pressures significantly affect the effectiveness of EIA on water projects. Poor baseline data and limited public participation emerged as key challenges, while political interference undermined the objectivity of EIA reports. The study concluded that enhancing technical capacity, promoting stakeholder engagement, and insulating the EIA process from political influence are essential for improving EIA effectiveness. It recommended the establishment of independent environmental review bodies, capacity-building programs, and public awareness campaigns to strengthen environmental governance. These measures will ensure that water projects in Jalingo Metropolis contribute to sustainable water resource management without compromising environmental integrity.