Artificial Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism in Nigeria: Prospects, Pitfalls, and the Future of Security Strategy

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a transformative tool in counter-terrorism, offering capabilities such as predictive analytics, automated surveillance, and enhanced intelligence gathering. However, Nigeria’s counter-terrorism strategy remains largely reliant on conventional military tactics, limiting the effective integration of AI-driven solutions. This study examines the prospects, challenges, and strategic future of AI in Nigeria’s counter-terrorism framework, assessing its potential to enhance security operations while addressing operational and ethical concerns. Using the collective security theory, the study adopts a qualitative research design, relying on secondary data to analyze the effectiveness and limitations of AI deployment. Findings reveal that inadequate infrastructure, limited technical expertise, weak inter-agency collaboration, and concerns over AI-driven surveillance hinder its full implementation. Despite these challenges, the study argues that a structured AI adoption strategy supported by institutional reform, policy-driven investments, and international collaboration can significantly enhance Nigeria’s counter-terrorism efforts. Strengthening AI governance, improving inter-agency coordination, and leveraging global best practices will be essential for AI to serve as a sustainable and effective security strategy. To optimize AI’s potential, the Nigerian government must prioritize investment in AI infrastructure, foster partnerships with global AI innovators, and institutionalize inter-agency collaboration through a centralized intelligence-sharing framework. Furthermore, the deployment of AI in counter-terrorism must be governed by robust ethical and legal safeguards to protect civil liberties and build public trust, ensuring long-term security stabilization.