Assessment of The Effects of Land Degradation on Rural Livelihood in Selected Communities of Kachia Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Land degradation poses a serious threat to rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in communities dependent on agriculture and natural resources. This study investigates the spatial extent, drivers, and livelihood impacts of land degradation in Kwaturu, Kurmin Musa, and Sabon Sarki communities of Kachia Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A mixed-method approach combining multi-temporal satellite imagery (2005, 2015, 2025), structured household questionnaires, and key informant interviews was employed. Remote sensing analysis determined the extent of vegetation loss, farmland expansion, and bare land increase, while socio-economic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple regression, logistic regression, and ANOVA assessed the relationship between land degradation indicators and rural livelihoods. Results show vegetation cover declined from 45% in 2005 to 25% in 2025, while farmland increased from 35% to 55%, confirming ongoing degradation. Interviews revealed that agricultural expansion, overgrazing, and fuelwood collection are the primary drivers. Regression results indicate deforestation and overgrazing significantly reduce livelihood outcomes, while soil fertility positively influences household welfare. Logistic regression demonstrates that households in degraded areas are more likely to experience poverty. ANOVA confirmed the significance of land use changes over time (p<0.05). Qualitative data corroborate quantitative findings, showing reduced crop yield, declining income, and heightened food insecurity as major livelihood impacts. The study recommends afforestation, soil conservation, controlled grazing, and community-based land management strategies to mitigate negative impacts.