ONCHOCERCIASIS IN SOME SELECTED COMMUNITIES OF GASHAKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, TARABA STATE

Abstract

Onchocerciasis, commonly known as river blindness, remains one of the most
persistent and debilitating neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affecting rural
communities in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to assess
onchocerciasis in some selected communities of Gashaka Local Government
Area, Taraba State. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among
400 participants from five communities (Garbabi, Kunfan, Shinbone, Nybango,
and Karamti). Participants were selected proportionally and screened for
onchocerciasis using standard skin snip procedures. Data on demographics,
occupation, and history of ivermectin treatment were collected via structured
questionnaires. Prevalence rates were calculated, and associations with
demographic variables were analyzed using chi-square tests at p < 0.05. The
overall prevalence of onchocerciasis was 34.5%, with site-specific rates ranging
from 26.3% (Kunfan) to 43.8% (Garbabi). Prevalence was slightly higher in
males (36.3%) than females (32.4%), but the difference was not statistically
significant. Age-specific prevalence was highest among the 11–20 years
(41.3%) and 31–40 years (40.3%) groups. Individuals with tertiary education
showed the highest prevalence (60%), though from a small sample. Occupation
was a significant risk factor, with fishermen exhibiting an alarmingly high
prevalence of 82.9% compared to farmers (29.4%) and students (16.7%) (χ² =
93.41; p = 0.0005). Onchocerciasis remains endemic in Gashaka LGA, with
ongoing transmission particularly among high-risk occupational groups such as
fishermen. While mass drug administration remains essential, targeted
interventions including community education, behavioral strategies, and vector
control are needed to reduce exposure and achieve sustainable elimination.
Continuous surveillance and localized public health strategies are critical to
interrupt transmission and protect vulnerable populations.