The Manifest and Latent Consequences of Psychotropic Substance Consumption on Users in Nigeria

Abstract

The use and abuse of psychotropic substances by the youth is a global concern and Nigeria remains one of the top consumers in Africa, particularly of cannabis and amphetamine. Evidence showed that one in seven Nigerians aged 15 to 64 years uses at least one psychotropic substance, compared to one in 20 globally. Nigeria has 6% of the world's cannabis users and 14% of the world's users and abusers of psychotropic chemicals (tramadol and codeine cough syrup). Undertaking a comprehensive published literature review by the authors to identify journal articles and books dealing with psychotropic substances, findings affirmed that consumption of psychotropic substances is prevalent in Nigeria. The study relies on the structural functionalist perspective, the theory of latent and manifest functions by Robert K. Merton which establish that the manifest production and distribution of psychotropic substances are to better human life, by maximising pleasure and minimising pain. Findings affirmed that many users who are aware of the positive manifest of the substances, continually engage in the consumption to the extent that it becomes harmful to their health. While these substances are taken in large quantities and frequently, users endanger their health through addiction, lose focus, fail to fulfil expected roles and responsibilities, and fail to control their urge for other substances and immoral behaviours. Therefore, the study concludes that harmful consumption of psychotropic substances has both manifest and latent functions that could as well be negative or positive on the health of the users depending on the quantity and frequency of consumption. The study recommends among others that accessibility, affordability and availability of psychotropic substances should be strictly controlled by government at all levels. Campaigns should be held to sensitise the youths on the manifest and latent dangers embedded in the consumption of substances classified as illicit and harmful